Open Innovation in Knowledge-Based Organizations: A Review of Global Models
Keywords:
Open Innovation, Knowledge-Based Organizations, Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management, Global ModelsAbstract
Objective: This study aims to systematically review global models, organizational requirements, and outcomes of open innovation in knowledge-based organizations, emphasizing its role in enhancing competitiveness, organizational learning, and technological sustainability.
Methods and Materials: This research adopted a qualitative systematic review design using inductive content analysis. Data were collected exclusively through a comprehensive literature review of scientific sources from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Using the keywords “Open Innovation,” “Knowledge-Based Firms,” and “Innovation Models,” twelve peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 were selected based on relevance and quality. Data analysis was performed in Nvivo 14, applying open, axial, and selective coding until theoretical saturation was reached.
Findings: The results revealed three main themes: (1) strategic models of open innovation, including inward-oriented learning, R&D outsourcing, and innovation networks; (2) organizational and managerial enablers, such as supportive culture, technological infrastructure, transformational leadership, and innovative human capital; and (3) global outcomes and patterns of open innovation, including increased international competitiveness, inter-organizational learning, national innovation policies, and sustainable development.
Conclusion: Open innovation in knowledge-based organizations represents not only a technological approach but a multidimensional paradigm requiring synergy among cultural, managerial, and technological factors. The findings suggest that effective implementation of open innovation fosters organizational performance, global collaboration, and sustainable development. This study provides a conceptual framework that can guide policymakers and practitioners in designing localized open innovation models for developing economies.
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