Digital Transformation in Public Organizations: A Systematic Review of Models and Strategies
Keywords:
Digital transformation, e-government, smart governance, digital leadership, organizational agility, innovation strategiesAbstract
Objective: The study aims to systematically review models and strategies of digital transformation in public organizations and to identify its infrastructural, strategic, and outcome dimensions for improving efficiency and transparency.
Methods and Materials: This qualitative research employed a systematic review approach. Data were collected from reputable academic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. After initial screening, 12 eligible articles were selected. Extracted data regarding digital transformation models, components, and strategies were analyzed using NVivo version 14 through thematic analysis in three coding stages—open, axial, and selective. The process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and the validity of findings was ensured through peer review and code comparison.
Findings: Thematic analysis revealed three main dimensions: (1) Infrastructure and capacity encompassing IT systems, digital human resources, and organizational agility; (2) Strategies and policies including digital leadership, macro-level policies, and public service innovation; and (3) Outcomes and impacts such as enhanced efficiency, transparency, citizen satisfaction, and organizational learning. Results indicated that robust technological infrastructure, integrated policymaking, and an open organizational culture are the key determinants of digital transformation success. Moreover, transformational leadership and inter-sectoral collaboration were identified as critical for sustainable implementation.
Conclusion: Digital transformation in public organizations achieves sustainable outcomes only when technical, strategic, and cultural dimensions are aligned. Technology should serve the creation of public value, transparency, and citizen satisfaction. Governments must prioritize developing digital human capital, data-driven policymaking, and building public trust to ensure long-term digital maturity.
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